長鏈非編碼RNA:從科研到臨床（三）

腎臟疾病與糖尿病 

糖尿病經常伴隨著腎病的發生[5]. 比如基因間lncRNA PVT1與二類疾病都緊密關聯。研究人員在II型糖尿病人的晚期腎病進程中發現了PVT1的基因變異。高糖處理可以誘導人的腎間質細胞中PVT1和纖連蛋白1、IV型膠原蛋白、TGFβ1、PAI1等因子的高表達。相反，敲除PVT1可導致這些因子的顯著下調。

LncRNA與臨床應用

普遍認為lncRNA具有區分不同細胞狀態或細胞內生物過程的功能，因此可以用來鑒定病理過程、提供預后評估或者為個體化療法提供參考。其表達的時空特異性和疾病特異性使其有望成為強有效的分子標志物。已有不少研究揭示，lncRNA在多種疾病生物學標志物的應用中具備潛能（表二）。例如，研究發現LncRNA MTLIPCAR在發生左心室重塑的病人中特異性表達，并隨后在788個發生心臟重塑和心臟衰竭的病人中得到驗證。血液循環系統中的MTLIPCAR高表達水平可不受其他心血管疾病標志物的干擾，獨立預測惡性心臟重塑。這項研究充分表明循環lncRNA具有作為分子標志物的重大潛能。

                 表一 LncRNA在生物學標志物中的潛在應用

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