CGHProtocols（二）

DNA preparation by cryotom tissue dissection

Preparations/Materials: 
Cool cryostat down to -20 to -30°C about 3 hours prior to dissection 
Label eppendorf tube (2 ml, e.g. Safe Lock) and microscopic slides with the case number 
Digestion buffer (50 ml Tris, pH 8.5, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% Tween 20) 
Proteinase K (500 μl aliquots of a 20mg/ml stock solution, keep aliquots at -20°C) 
Melt the tip of long Pasteur pipettes (one pipette per case) 
Dissect only one block per time in the cryostat 
Keep other tissue block frozen (e.g. in styropor box with liquid nitrogen or dry ice) during dissection 
Take care to replace tissue block in the correct vial after dissection 




Steps:

1. Freeze tissue block (0.5 - 1 cm²) on the cryostat plate, e.g. by applying few drops of isotonic NaCl or water and placing the tissue immediately on the cooled cryostat plate

2. Cut the tissue block and place first section (5-8 μm) on labeled glass slide (close to case No. label)

3. Cut about 20-30 section (20-30μm) and transfer them in the labeled eppendorf tube which contains 900μl digestion buffer. The transfer is facilitated by picking the cool sections by the tip of the pasteur pipette. Change pipette after each case!

4. Transfer last section (5-8 μm) on the glass slide (distal to case No. label)

5. Add 30-50 μl of Proteinase K (stock solution of 20 mg/ml)

6. Incubate for at least 2 hours at 50°C, check the digestion by the disintegration if the tissue, add new Proteinase K if the digestion is bad. The Proteinase K digestion can be extended over night or even for several days.

7. Add 1000 μl of Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamylalcohol, mix e.g. by inverting for about 10 min, centrifuge in a table top centrifuge for 10-20 min until the two phases have clearly separated. Discard upper phase.

8. Repeat step 7 at least once (better: twice).

9. Add 1/10 vol (about 90 μl) 3 M NaCl, mix. Add 1 vol (about 1000 μl) ice cool isopropanol. Mix by inverting (white DNA pellet visible? If yes, DNA amount and quality usually oK for Nick translation and CGH)

10. Centrifuge DNA pellet for about 5 min, discard supernatant, wash once with 100% EtOH and once with 70% EtOH. Finally air dry pellet or dry it by a SpeedVac (5-10 min). If you use a SpeedVac take care not to dry the DNA too much since high molecular, ultradry DNA may be difficult to dissolve

11. Dissolve pellet in about 100-200μl H₂0 (e.g. Acqua ad iniectabile, Braun Melsungen) depending on the amount of DNA

12. Determine DNA concentration by a photometer (Final concentration for nick translation should by higher than 150 μg/ml).

13. Check amount of tumor DNA in the tissue block by an H&E stain of the slide (Amount of tumor DNA compared to normal stromal tissue should exceed 70%)

DNA labeling by nick translation

reagents: 
DNA for labeling (concentration c > 150 ng/μl) 
modified nucleotides: Biotin-16-dUTP, Digoxigenin-11-dUTP, conc. 1nmol/μl (Boehringer Mannheim) 
dNTPs (regular nucleotides): dATP, dCTP, dGTP, 0.5 mM each, dTTP 0.1 mM 
NT reaction buffer 10x (0.5 M Tris pH 8, 50 mM MgCl2, 0.5mg/ml BSA) 
b-ME (beta-mercaptoethanol) 0.1 M 
DNase (stock solution 3 mg/ml) 1:2000 diluted in aqua bidest. 
Pol: Kornberg DNA-polymerase 5 U/μl (e.g. Boehringer Mannheim) 
EDTA (0.5 M, pH 8.0) 
SDS (20%)

for one NT reaction 5 μg of DNA is used:

*in the standard protocol Tumor DNA is labeled with Bio-dUTP, Normal DNA is labeled with Dig-dUTP

Pipette on ice!

incubation for 2 hrs at 15°C --> put probes on ice --> test 5 μl of the mix in an agarose electrophoresis, optimal length of DNA fragments should be between 100-1000 bp (in the mean time store probes at -20°C) 
-->if neccessary incubate longer after addition of new DNAse and Pol 
-->add 2.5 μl EDTA (0.5 M, pH 8.0) and 2.5 μl SDS (20%) to stop the reaction, keep the probes at -20°C until hybridization

Optimal fragment length after nick translation